Context and Domain in Odoo — Developer Reference (Odoo 16–19)

# Basic domain — AND logic (default)
# Returns records where state is 'sale' AND partner_id is 7
domain = [('state', '=', 'sale'), ('partner_id', '=', 7)]

# OR logic — use '|' prefix before the two conditions it joins
# Returns records where state is 'sale' OR state is 'done'
domain = ['|', ('state', '=', 'sale'), ('state', '=', 'done')]

# NOT logic — use '!' prefix before the condition to negate
# Returns records where state is NOT 'cancel'
domain = ['!', ('state', '=', 'cancel')]

# Empty domain — matches all records
domain = []

<!-- Domain on a Many2one field — filters dropdown options -->
<field name="user_id"
       domain="[('groups_id', 'in', [ref('base.group_user')])]"/>

<!-- Domain on an action button — filters records opened by the action -->
<button name="action_view_invoices" type="object"
        domain="[('state', '=', 'posted'), ('partner_id', '=', active_id)]"/>

<!-- Domain referencing current user -->
<field name="assigned_to"
       domain="[('share', '=', False), ('id', '!=', uid)]"/>

<!-- Domain using context_today() for date comparison -->
<filter name="overdue"
        domain="[('date_deadline', '&lt;', context_today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))]"/>

# search() — returns recordset matching domain
invoices = self.env['account.move'].search([
    ('state', '=', 'posted'),
    ('partner_id', '=', self.partner_id.id),
    ('invoice_date', '>=', '2026-01-01'),
], order='invoice_date desc', limit=10)

# search_count() — returns integer count
count = self.env['sale.order'].search_count([
    ('user_id', '=', self.env.uid),
    ('state', 'not in', ['cancel', 'draft']),
])

# filtered() — applies a domain-like condition to an existing recordset
# (uses a lambda, not a domain list — different API)
confirmed = orders.filtered(lambda o: o.state == 'sale')

# _search() / _domain — advanced: used inside compute methods
# to build dynamic domains programmatically
domain = [('company_id', '=', self.env.company.id)]
if self.partner_id:
    domain += [('partner_id', '=', self.partner_id.id)]

<!-- Set default values when opening a new record form -->
<field name="partner_id"
       context="{'default_company_type': 'company', 'default_country_id': ref('base.sa')}"/>

<!-- Pre-apply a search filter when an action opens -->
<record id="action_sale_order_my_orders" model="ir.actions.act_window">
  <field name="name">My Sales Orders</field>
  <field name="res_model">sale.order</field>
  <field name="context">{
    'search_default_user_id': uid,
    'search_default_state_sale': 1
  }</field>
</record>

<!-- Group by partner when the action opens -->
<record id="action_invoices_grouped" model="ir.actions.act_window">
  <field name="name">Invoices by Partner</field>
  <field name="res_model">account.move</field>
  <field name="context">{'group_by': ['partner_id']}</field>
</record>

<!-- Disable quick-create on a Many2one field -->
<field name="product_id"
       context="{'no_create': True, 'no_open': True}"/>

# Read context in a model method
def action_confirm(self):
    # Check if called from a specific flow
    if self.env.context.get('from_purchase'):
        # custom behaviour
        pass

# with_context() — extend context for a specific ORM call
# Does NOT modify self.env.context — returns a new recordset
records_ar = self.env['product.template'].with_context(lang='ar_001').search([])

# Common: set a flag to skip a compute or onchange in a loop
self.with_context(skip_onchange=True).write({'state': 'done'})

# Pass context when opening a wizard action programmatically
return {
    'type': 'ir.actions.act_window',
    'res_model': 'my.wizard',
    'view_mode': 'form',
    'target': 'new',
    'context': {
        'default_partner_id': self.partner_id.id,
        'default_amount': self.amount_total,
        'active_id': self.id,
        'active_model': self._name,
    },
}

<!-- Smart button — open related records filtered by domain,
     with a default set via context for any new record created there -->
<button name="action_view_picking"
        type="object"
        domain="[('sale_id', '=', active_id), ('state', '!=', 'cancel')]"
        context="{
            'default_sale_id': active_id,
            'default_partner_id': partner_id,
            'search_default_state_ready': 1
        }"
        string="Transfers"/>